Inter-organizational communication refers to the exchange of information and messages between two or more distinct organizations. This communication forms the structural link that enables coordination, collaboration, negotiation, and sometimes competition between...
Informal communication describes the exchange of information that happens outside of official or structured channels within an organization or community. Unlike formal communication, which follows established hierarchies, protocols, or organizational charts, informal...
In any experiment, variables are divided into two key types: independent and dependent. The independent variable is the factor that the researcher deliberately changes or manipulates to observe its effect on another variable. It’s essentially the “cause” that the...
An in-depth interview is a qualitative research technique involving a one-on-one, personal conversation between a researcher and an individual. Its purpose is to explore a specific topic or issue in great detail, uncovering the interviewee’s thoughts, feelings,...
Impression management refers to the deliberate efforts by an individual or group to shape, control, and influence how others perceive them. This involves crafting and projecting a positive image, whether in personal interactions, professional settings, or public...
Hotswitching is a television scheduling technique where two programs are aired back-to-back without any commercial break or interruption between them. As soon as the first show ends, the next one starts immediately, with the goal of keeping the audience engaged and...
A horizontal chain of communication refers to the flow of information and interaction between individuals who occupy the same level within an organization’s hierarchy. Unlike vertical communication, which moves up and down the organizational ladder, horizontal...
A homepage is the main, introductory page of a website, the digital front door where visitors first arrive. It serves as the central hub for a company, organization, or individual to present their brand, products, or services. When a website offers a large range of...
Hierarchy is an inherent and fundamental structure present in virtually all social species, including humans. It organizes individuals into levels of authority, status, or influence, creating a system where some hold more power or prestige than others. In human...