Descriptive research is a type of research method that focuses on creating an accurate and systematic description of a population, situation, or phenomenon.
Descriptive research does not measure the effects of particular variables. It does not try to answer questions about how, when, and why things happen. It simply aims to describe the “what” of the subject that is being studied.
The main goal of the descriptive research is, therefore, to provide an accurate representation of the variables, without manipulating them in any capacity. Descriptive research can involve numbers (e.g. surveys), or observations (e.g. case studies).