Field observation is a qualitative research method where the observer studies people, behaviors, or phenomena in their natural environment, without manipulating variables.
The information on the interactions, actions, or events occurring is noted down or recorded for further analysis.
When using this research method, the observer collects data through direct, firsthand observation while in a real-life setting. The method is often used in social sciences, anthropology, and ethnography.
The goal is to gain an in-depth understanding of real-world situations, where no variable was manipulated by the researcher, in order to observe behavior as it naturally occurs.
The results are used to develop or support hypotheses and theories.