Victorianism refers to the set of social beliefs, moral values, cultural norms, and artistic styles that dominated the British Empire during the late 19th century, specifically during the reign of Queen Victoria (1837–1901). This period was marked by a strong emphasis on order, discipline, and a rigid social hierarchy.
Central to Victorianism were ideals such as sexual restraint, a strict code of conduct, and a clear division between public and private life. Society upheld modesty, decorum, and a sense of duty as core virtues, while also maintaining low tolerance for crime and deviance. The era was characterized by an emphasis on family values, religious morality, and social responsibility, which influenced everything from literature and art to politics and education.
Victorianism shaped not only British society but also the cultures of many countries under British influence, leaving a lasting impact on Western social attitudes and norms well into the 20th century. However, it also faced criticism for its hypocrisy, repression, and resistance to social change.