Mass Communication

An interview is a structured session of questions and answers designed to facilitate the exchange of information between two or more parties. Typically, one person, the interviewer, asks prepared or spontaneous questions to gather insights, opinions, or facts, while...

Interpretation is the process of assigning meaning to a message, text, event, or piece of information by analyzing and understanding its context, intent, and content. It involves going beyond the surface to grasp the underlying significance, implications, or purpose...

Intercultural communication is the exchange of information and meaning between individuals or groups who come from different cultural or subcultural backgrounds. It involves not just language differences, but also variations in values, beliefs, customs, nonverbal...

Inter-organizational communication refers to the exchange of information and messages between two or more distinct organizations. This communication forms the structural link that enables coordination, collaboration, negotiation, and sometimes competition between...

Informal communication describes the exchange of information that happens outside of official or structured channels within an organization or community. Unlike formal communication, which follows established hierarchies, protocols, or organizational charts, informal...

In any experiment, variables are divided into two key types: independent and dependent. The independent variable is the factor that the researcher deliberately changes or manipulates to observe its effect on another variable. It’s essentially the “cause” that the...

An in-depth interview is a qualitative research technique involving a one-on-one, personal conversation between a researcher and an individual. Its purpose is to explore a specific topic or issue in great detail, uncovering the interviewee’s thoughts, feelings,...

Impression management refers to the deliberate efforts by an individual or group to shape, control, and influence how others perceive them. This involves crafting and projecting a positive image, whether in personal interactions, professional settings, or public...

Hotswitching is a television scheduling technique where two programs are aired back-to-back without any commercial break or interruption between them. As soon as the first show ends, the next one starts immediately, with the goal of keeping the audience engaged and...