Impression management refers to the deliberate efforts by an individual or group to shape, control, and influence how others perceive them. This involves crafting and projecting a positive image, whether in personal interactions, professional settings, or public arenas, to gain approval, trust, or social advantage.
These efforts can include everything from the way someone dresses, speaks, or behaves, to the selective sharing of information and controlling the narrative around their actions. Impression management is about managing perceptions, often strategically highlighting strengths while minimizing or hiding weaknesses.
While natural to human social behavior, impression management can range from sincere self-presentation to manipulative or deceptive tactics. The underlying goal remains consistent: to steer others’ judgments and reactions in a favorable direction, shaping reputation and social standing.