Nonverbal communication is the process of conveying messages without the use of spoken words. It includes a wide range of expressive behaviors such as facial expressions, body posture, gestures, eye contact, physical distance, touch, and even tone of voice (paralanguage).
These nonverbal cues often communicate emotions, attitudes, intentions, and reactions, sometimes more powerfully than words themselves. Nonverbal communication can reinforce, contradict, or substitute for verbal messages and plays a critical role in shaping interpersonal interactions.
Because it is often unconscious and culturally influenced, nonverbal communication can also lead to misinterpretation, especially in cross-cultural contexts. Understanding and effectively using nonverbal signals is key to successful and nuanced communication.