Probability sampling is a sampling technique in which every member of a population has a known and equal chance of being selected. This method ensures that the sample is representative of the population, allowing researchers to make statistically valid inferences and generalizations.
Common types of probability sampling include simple random sampling, stratified sampling, systematic sampling, and cluster sampling. Each of these methods relies on random selection to minimize bias and enhance the reliability of the research results.
Because of its emphasis on fairness and accuracy, probability sampling is widely used in quantitative research, especially in fields like social science, public health, market research, and political polling. However, it often requires more time, planning, and resources compared to non-probability sampling methods.